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Resources · FAQs

Your questions, answered by engineers.

With over 140 years of experience, we’ve compiled answers to the questions engineers, plant operators, and EPCs ask most — covering design capabilities, materials, certifications, machining, and maintenance best practices.

Frequently Asked Questions

Everything you wanted to know before you spec.

What is an NQA-1 quality program?

NQA-1 (ASME NQA-1, “Quality Assurance Requirements for Nuclear Facility Applications”) is the quality standard governing suppliers to the U.S. nuclear industry. It imposes rigorous requirements for documentation, material traceability, personnel qualification, audits, and corrective action beyond standard ASME code work. Harris Thermal operates an NQA-1 quality program for nuclear-grade fabrication — see our NQA-1 nuclear page for scope and experience.

What does custom ASME fabrication include?

Custom ASME fabrication means equipment designed and built to your specifications under ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code rules, with certified welding procedures, qualified welders, authorized inspection, and code stamping. At Harris Thermal that covers ASME Section VIII, Division 1 pressure vessels (“U” stamp), repairs and alterations (“R” stamp), and ASME B31.1 power piping (“PP” stamp) — with thermal and mechanical design, machining, testing, and shipping all performed in-house in Newberg, Oregon.

What size pressure vessels and equipment can you build?

Our Newberg, Oregon facility handles fabrications over 500,000 pounds, with 200,000 pounds of overhead lifting capacity, 30 ft × 60 ft bay doors, machining and turning up to 16.5 ft diameter, and a 75-ton yard gantry crane. We have shipped vessels 20 ft in outside diameter and evaporators over 100,000 pounds by truck and barge.

How much does a custom shell and tube heat exchanger cost?

Cost depends primarily on materials of construction (carbon steel to titanium and high-nickel alloys), size and surface area, TEMA class (C, B, or R), design pressure and temperature, and code requirements. A small carbon steel unit and a large duplex or titanium exchanger can differ by an order of magnitude. The fastest way to a real number is a quote request with your process conditions — our engineers respond with an optimized design and firm pricing.

What products and services do you offer?

Harris Thermal specializes in the design and fabrication of engineered process equipment: shell-and-tube heat exchangers, ASME pressure vessels and tanks, evaporators, condensers, reactors, separators, and storage tanks. We also provide custom skid systems, precision piping and ducting fabrication, and full in-house machining. In addition to new equipment, we offer repair, retubing, and refurbishment services to extend the life of existing units.

Can you design custom equipment to meet specific requirements?

Yes. Our in-house engineering team designs custom process equipment to precise performance, code, and client specifications — ASME Section VIII Division 1 with “U” and “R” stamps, ASME B31.1 piping under the “PP” stamp, plus CE, PED, API 620/650/660, PIP, CRN, and TEMA compliance.

Our engineers use DesignCalcs, Compress, PV Elite, Aspen Exchanger, AMETank, NozzlePRO, and ProWrite to model and validate every project, including complete thermal design of shell-and-tube heat exchangers.

What materials are your products made from?

We fabricate in nickel and high-nickel alloys (Inconel, Hastelloy, Monel), stainless and duplex stainless steels, and specialty alloys including 6-Moly, titanium, and zirconium for highly corrosive or high-temperature environments — plus carbon steels and other alloys as required for the best balance of performance, durability, and cost.

Why choose Harris Thermal for shell and tube heat exchangers?

Over 140 years of manufacturing expertise, fully in-house machining and fabrication that controls quality and scheduling start to finish, and a full-time team of engineers and drafters providing complete design support and seamless communication throughout fabrication.

What are the best practices for maintaining a shell and tube heat exchanger?

Inspect on a regular schedule to catch fouling, scaling, or corrosion early. Clean periodically — mechanically or chemically — to prevent buildup. Monitor inlet/outlet temperatures and pressure drops for early signs of performance loss. Use proper water treatment in cooling systems, and keep a detailed service log covering retubing, gasket replacements, and inspection history.

How do I know if my heat exchanger needs repair or replacement?

Repair is usually best when tube leaks are isolated, cleaning can restore performance, and the shell is structurally sound. Replacement makes sense when tube failure is widespread, corrosion or cracking threatens safety, the unit no longer meets process or code requirements, or repair costs approach 60–70% of a new unit.

What are the basic bolt torque value guidelines?

Pressure vessels are typically supplied with all-thread SA193-B7 stud bolts for ANSI standard flanges and gaskets. Unless otherwise specified, torque values are based on ASME PCC-1, Table 1, targeting 50,000 psi pre-stress. Lubricate threads well with a commercial compound such as Thread Guard by John Crane Co.

Nominal Size1/2″5/8″3/4″7/8″1″1-1/4″1-1/2″
Torque (lb-ft)45901602504008001400

Surface finish, lubrication, tightening speed, and human error can cause up to ±25% variation in achieved clamp load even with a torque wrench.

How often should I schedule preventive maintenance?

Annual inspections are recommended for most applications; semi-annual for corrosive media or high-fouling conditions. Set cleaning intervals from operating data — especially pressure drop and heat transfer trends — and coordinate service with planned plant outages or turnarounds where possible.

What steps should be taken before restarting an exchanger after downtime?

Inspect and clean both tube and shell sides if fouling is suspected. Replace all gaskets if the exchanger was opened, and check and re-torque bolts to spec. Bring pressure and temperature up gradually to avoid thermal shock, then monitor closely for leaks, vibration, or performance changes.

Do you offer repair and maintenance services?

Yes — on-site repairs, test and evaluation with non-destructive examination (NDE), and complete retubing, re-rating, and repurposing of heat exchangers and pressure vessels, all to applicable ASME code and quality standards. See our Repairs page.

What machining capabilities do you offer?

Extensive in-house CNC machining: (2) CNC Quickmill Intimidators with 120″ × 120″ travel for tubesheet drilling and full milling; (1) CNC Quickmill with 180″ × 300″ travel; (3) CNC drilling/milling centers up to 120″ × 160″ in a single setup; (2) radial arm drills to 60″; (3) boring mills to 60″ height × 198″ diameter; plus manual lathes, drills, saws, and threaders. Everything stays in-house for accuracy and fast turnaround.

Which industries do you serve?

Oil and gas, pulp and paper, power generation, renewable fuels, waste-to-energy, water treatment and desalination, food processing, chemical production, resins, LNG, and general industry. View Industries Served.

What safety and environmental practices do you follow?

A comprehensive written safety program with ongoing employee training, responsible chemical handling and disposal procedures, and a commitment to protecting the health of our employees, community, and environment.

Do you adhere to industry standards and codes?

Yes — ASME “U,” “R,” and “PP” stamps, plus API 620/650, TEMA, CE, PED, and Canadian CRN compliance for domestic and international projects. View Certifications.

Which company is best suited to replace equipment originally fabricated by IAF (Industrial Alloy Fabricators) in Oregon?

Harris Thermal Transfer Products is most qualified to replace or repair equipment originally fabricated by IAF (Industrial Alloy Fabricators). Harris Thermal employs many of the former employees and fabricators that were employed by IAF prior to it shutting its doors in 2008. Harris Thermal has replaced many vessels originally produced by IAF and has access to the technical information required for these replacements. If you have IAF-built equipment in service, contact us for repair, re-rating, or replacement.

Which ASME fabricator is an experienced supplier of equipment used in water treatment processes, including ZLD (zero liquid discharge) systems?

Harris Thermal Transfer Products in Oregon is an experienced fabricator with significant expertise and experience in water treatment equipment. Harris Thermal has partnered with leading water treatment engineering firms for the past 30 years, building proven, repeatable, high-quality water treatment equipment for many industries including chip manufacturing, mining, chemical processing, food processing, power generation, gas production, and municipal, among others. This equipment includes ASME brine concentrators, evaporators, crystallizers, vapor-liquid separators, heat exchangers, and other equipment required for ZLD and other water treatment processes. Learn more on our water treatment page.

Question not answered here?

Our engineers are a phone call away — 800-767-9507 — or send us a message and we will get you an answer.